OK… 12V going into V1 is good.
Now keep in mind, the middle pin of V1 should be connected to the +5V supply.
Now check between the output pin and middle pin of V1. Should be 9V. Note the middle pin SHOULD be connected to 5V but you’re measuring the output of V1 relative to the middle pin, not ground!
Now check between the output pin of V1 and ground. Should be 9V+5V=14V.
This 14V is what should be between the input pin and middle pin (ground) of V2 and V3. You say it is not, well that’s why stuff isn’t working!
Check the bridges J71, J72 and J73. If these are not correct, then things won’t work.
Solder a bridge at J71 between pin 1 and 2. (This connects V1 common pin to 5v, so it outputs 14v relative to ground).
Solder a bridge at J72 between pin 1 and 2. (This connects V1 output pin to 14v supply lines, to go into V2 and V3).
Solder a bridge at J73 between pin 1 and 2. (This connects 5v from power socket/switch to 5v supply lines).
What I suspect now is, V2 and V3 aren’t supplied with 14V… maybe J71 isn’t correct. Or there’s a short somewhere near there… you may have mounted the bridges correctly but a short from one of these pins to something else might cause the problems you’re seeing. Check J71 pin 2-3 not shorted. Check J72 pin 2-3 not shorted.
Alternately, some other problem… V1, V2 or V3 are mounted backwards, or V1’s heatsink (which should be at 5V) is touching V2 or V3’s heatsink (which should be ground) or touching something else, making V1 not work.
I know I’m suggesting things you already checked… but it’s the only explanation I can think of.
The next logical step would be, not assume things are correct just because they look like it.
Remove J71 and J72 bridges. Check no two pins of J71 and J72 are connected.
Test V1 relative to middle pin (~12V in, 9V out)
Add bridge at J71 between pin 1 and 2. ((This connects V1 common pin to 5v, so it outputs 14v relative to ground).
Test V1 relative to middle pin (~12V in, 9V out)
Test V1 relative to ground (14V out)
Add bridge at J72 between pin 1 and 2. (This connects V1 output pin to 14v supply lines, to go into V2 and V3).
Test V2 relative to middle pin (14V in, 9V out)
Test V2 relative to ground (14V in, 9V out)
Test V3 relative to middle pin (14V in, 12V out)
Test V3 relative to ground (14V in, 12V out)