Please note that you are talking about the MBSID V2 firmware, and not about Wilba’s MB6582 hardware variant.
Could it ever be made possible to use the MB-6582 as an 8-voice poly-synth with 3 oscillators per voice?
This isn’t possible with the lead engine due to conceptional reasons, but with the multi engine.
Use two instruments, assign them to different MIDI channels or keyboard zones. This can be done in the INS menu of the ensemble.
Assign the voices of the first instrument to left SID (VAs=L), and the voices of the second instrument to right SID (VAs=R). This has to be done in the CFG menu of the patch
Thereafter disable the Poly flag in CFG menu and you are done 
Furthermore, could it ever be that you could configure the synth with different combinations - such as 4-voice poly (3 osc) and 12 mono (single osc)? Or 4-voice poly and 4 mono (3 osc)?
Yes, all this can be done with multi engine. You only need to configure the voice assignments and MIDI channel assignments as desired.
'm guessing 12 separate mono synths wouldn’t be possible as some would have to share oscillators between 2 sids…?
This is just me dreaming what would be the ultimate use for an 8 sid synth…
No problem, with multi patches you have access to 24 seperate mono synths.
if an mb-sid v2 (with 2 sids) can be used as a 6-part multi-timbral mono synth, does that mean an mb-6582 can be 24-part multi-timbral?!
Yep, MIDIbox SID V2 can be 24-part muli-timbral.
Just have a look into
http://www.ucapps.de/midibox_sid_manual_m.html
Best Regards, Thorsten.