the simplest effective way to do this is to connect the LDR in series with a fixed resistor between 0 and 5V and connect the junction to AIN. (ie voltage divider).
The value of the fixed resistor will determine the operating range. It may not be possible to produce output values close to 0 and 127 because the LDR will have a limited “light” minimum resistance and limited “dark” maximum resistance. Using more complicated circuitry it is possible to overcome this limitation but whether it is worth the design effort would depend on the application.
trial and error is a good idea, so only buy a couple of parts until you know the results are satisafactory.
Without knowing what light source your using (I will asume natural light), the one with the lowest “light” resistance should be best (N59AY from your list).
If you use R attached to 5V end and LDR to ground.
Try 22k,47k,100k,220k some will give a lower minimum and some will give a higher maximum.
Swap the LDR and R to reverse the response.
A pot is not a good idea in that if it is in the “short” position you will get maximum current int the LDR and may destroy it.
If you use a 10k resistor in series with 1M trim pot this should be ok though.
The potentiometer would allow you to control the voltage range of the VTL5C1. A resistor between the LDR and the VTL5C1 may be needed. I could be wrong but it seems to me that it would work.