Well, I pack up half way through my lengthy message and fire up at work this morning with three new posts covering some of what I was going to say! Then I edit my post, and again, new posts already covering stuff! I guess I’m losing my originality! 
I’ve played with a few of these chips in non-SID situations, and will cut and paste my subjective thoughts below… 
Seppo, GREAT to hear that you’re doing a 2164 board. Right now, for a 4x2 SID system, my plan is to go with an AOUT per voice (I won’t say hurry up… but… :P) an SSM2044 each for left and right channel, and a 2164 to handle final VCA duties left and right, as well as feedback VCA left and right (to the SID input, with an on/off switch). Unwieldly to do 4 stereo voices on one single board, but was going to do two voices per board and stack them in my case. Soooo… NLX’s combo AOUT and 2164 board would be SWEET, and only leave me with quad or octal 2044s to design! ;D
Now, thoughts on filters… YMMV! 
The 3320 is a solid chip, and I personally would prefer it over a '78 or '79 by reputation (again, I haven’t personally played with either the '78 or '79, but they were in many later instruments which I found to be more “clean” sounding).
That being said, the 3320 is often accused of being “neutral” sounding… It is THE non-Roland sound of the early to mid-eighties (same chip in most of the american poly synths of the eighties). BUT is also responsible for the multi-mode filter on the Synthex and for the pure BEEF that is in my beloved Oberheim… If used right, the 3320 sounds quite good indeed. There are some nice schematics for these, and tips for their use on the net. Still figuring our what to do with the couple I have! 
The 3372 is not as “warm” a filter as the 3320 (IMHO remember! ) but has built in VCA and is readily configured into a multimode filter (think OB Xpander etc.). These are becoming fairly scarce though, as is noted in earlier posts, and Xpander users are in need of replacements so unless you are using any of the special features of this chip, there are others out there better suited, more “dinosaur” friendly, and probably the '78 and '79 are fairly close in sound (speculation on my part from comments of others and minor playing time on an ESQ-1, which I liked very much!).
My preference right now (already given away above!), even though it is ONLY a 4-pole lowpass (no other modes possible) is the SSM-2044. Not as good as a 2040 (which I own, but not enough of them for my SID box and ULTRA rare!), but pretty beefy and I would say subjectively “warmer” and more “organic” than a 3320. 2044s are also pretty plentiful right now, again, as noted, and are reasonably priced.
So your initial question… I like the 3320 - Google up the “emulator archive” diy section for the choice of value for the caps in the circuit to sound more Oberheim vs. Prophet vs. Digisound. There is also a nice schematic on the net for a switchable low pass / band pass using the 3320 (look up OG2 - Scott Bernardi’s site).
My impression is that later CEM’s ('78 and '79) sacrificed a bit of quality (ie. analog “girth”) for accuracy and features that made them a better match with digital controllers. If you are running multiple voices and want each voice to sound exactly the same, this may be a positive feature to you.
Overall, which you choose will depend on your goal. All of those mentioned made it to the production stage because they offered something different. For fatter and warmer, the SSMs are tough to beat. You sacrifice a bit of stability, though. For solid operation, multiple modes and stability, the CEMs are a great choice. The 3320 may be the “right up the middle” choice if you want a bit of both - then again, that’s what Sequential, Oberheim and others did in the eighties, and while there are those who applaud them for it, there are still others who curse and swear
To HEAR the difference… SSM 2044s were used in the Korg Polysix and Trident (among others; early Fairlights and PPGs used them too). I know of a few sites with Trident samples if you google for mp3s, and that will give you an idea of that chip. The 3320 is easier, but depending on which synth it was used in, can be a chameleon - Best and widest range of examples are Oberheim OB-8 or Xa, Sequential Prophet-5, Elka Synthex. The '78 and '79 were, if I recall, used in some of the Ensoniq synths (ESQ-1 / SQ-80), and some late model Sequential stuff (VS, perhaps the 2000/2002 series samplers?).
As always, the mileage of others may vary! Hope my two cents help!
Gavin